Four neolignans, isolated from the benzene extract of Aniba simulans (Lauraceae) trunk wood, included the hitherto undescribed (2S, 3S, 5R)-5-allyl-5,7-dimethoxy-2-(3',4',5'-trimethoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-6-oxobenzofuran, (2R,3S,5R)-5-allyl-5-methoxy-2-(3'-methoxy-4',5'-methylenedioxyphenyl)-3-methyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-6-oxobenzofuran, (2S,3S)-6-O-allyl-5-methoxy-2-(3'-methoxy-4',5'-methylenedioxyphenyl)-3-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran, (2R,3S)-6-O-allyl-5-methoxy-2-(3'-methoxy-4',5'-methylenedioxyphenyl)-3-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran and 7-allyl-6-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-(3'-methoxy-4,S-methylenedioxyphenyl)-3-methylbenzofuran.