The branches of the shrub Aniba lancifolia Kubitzki et Rodrigues (Lauraceae) contain besides 2 hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxyallylbenzene and its dimer cyclohexan-2-allyl-5-en-4,5-dimethoxy-4-0-(2'-allyl-4',5' dimethoxyphenyl)-l-one (lancilin, 2) 6 further novel neolignans: (4S,2'R)- and (4R,2'E)-cyclohexan-2-allyl-2,5-dien-4,5-dimethoxy-4-[2'-(l'-guaiacyl)-propyl]-l-one (lancifolins A and B, 3a and 3b), (4S,2'R)- and (4R,2'R)-cyclohexan-2-allyl-2,5-dien-4,5-dimethoxy-4-[2'-(l'-vera~l)-propyl]-l-one (lancifolins C and D, 3c and 3d), (4S,2'R)- and (4R,2'R)-cyclohexan-2-allyl-2,5-dien-4.5-dimethoxy-4-[2'-(l'-piperonyl)-propyl]-l-one (lancifolins E and F, 3e and 31).