Glaucium vitellinum Boiss and Buhse population Isfahan was shown to contain four major alkaloids, dicentrine (0.8%), bulbocapnine (0.47%), protopine (0.35%), salutaridine (0.2%), and twelve minor alkaloids, chelidonine, glaucine, corydine, isocorydine, N-methyllindcarpine, neolitsine, α-allocryptopine, N-methyllaurotetanine, dehydrodicentrine, dicentrinone, dihydrosanguinarine, dihydrochelerythrine. Neolitsine was found for the first time in Papaveraceae; dihydrosanguinarine and dihydrochelerythrine were detected for the first time in Glaucium. In addition, 4-hydroxybulbocapnine was also isolated and reported for the first time.