<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>An unprecedented new limonoid‐based alkaloid, granatoine (1), and a new phragmalin, xylocarpin L (2), along with xyloccensin Y were isolated as minor components from the fruits of the Chinese mangrove plant <jats:bold><jats:italic>Xylocarpus granatum</jats:italic></jats:bold>. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data (1D and 2D NMR) analysis. A possible biogenetic pathway for granatoine was also depicted. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.