An unprecedented new limonoid-based alkaloid, granatoine (1), and a new phragmalin, xylocarpin L (2), along with xyloccensin Y were isolated as minor components from the fruits of the Chinese mangrove plant Xylocarpus granatum. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data (1D and 2D NMR) analysis. A possible biogenetic pathway for granatoine was also depicted. CI - 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.