For Hymenea coubaril L. (Leguminosae) bark, a benzene extract subjected to chromatographic separations yielded resin acids (eperua-7,13-dien-15-oic acid, lab-13-en-8β-ol-15-oic acid (enantio), labdan-8β-ol-15-oic acid (enantio)) and sitosterol; these acids were previously isolated from Trachylobium verrucosum and Oxystigma oxyphyllum but not from other parts of H. coubaril. For Heimia salicifolia H.B.K. (Lythraceae) aerial parts, ethanolic extracts gave a high yield of mannitol; light petrol and ethanol extracts contained known alkaloids (sinicuichine, cryogenine, nesodine) and two new alkaloids (AX-1, ALC-2) shown to be stereomers of lythrine via mass fragmentation, NMR, and methyl ether derivatives. The new alkaloids exhibit Bohlmann bands in the IR, indicating they are trans-quinolizidine derivatives.