One new pyrrole derivative, papupyrrolal (1), together with seven known metabolites consisting of three flavonoids [myricitrin (2), quercitrin (3), and myricetin (4)], and four triterpenoids [3-trans-p-coumaroyloxy-2,23-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (5), chebuloside I (6), arjunolic acid (7), and taraxerol (8)] were isolated from the endophytic fungus Xylaria papulis BCRC 09F0222. Structures were established on the basis of their spectroscopic data, including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HSQC, HMBC, as well as by HR-ESI-MS experiments and comparison with literature data. It is worthy to mention that this is the first report on secondary metabolites from this fungus.