From the leaves of Erythroxylum cuneatum, a new alkaloid (±)-3α,6β-dibenzoyloxytropane was isolated as principal alkaloid; four other benzoyl- and tigloyl-esters were obtained, together with nicotine. Three of these bases were also detected in the stem-bark. Tropacocaine was the principal alkaloid of E. ecarinatum leaves. Erythroxylum australe root-bark contained the new alkaloids 3α-(4-hydroxyphenylacetoxy)tropane and 3-cinnamoyloxytropane-6,7-diol, methylecgonidine as principal base, and other benzoyl- and cinnamoyl-esters. © 1988.