Glaucium oxylobum Boiss. et Buhse is an endemic plant of Central Asia which is found in the mountain regions of Turkmenia (western Kopet Dagh). The alkaloid composition of this plant has been studied abroad, and 17 alkaloids from the aporphine, protoberberine, benzophenanthridine, and protropine groups have been isolated from the cultivated plant. G. oxylobum has not been studied chemically in the Soviet Union. We have investigated plants collected in the Kara-Kala region of the Turkmen SSR in various vegetation periods. A plant collected in the vegetation stage, when extracted with chloroform, yielded 0.27% of alkaloids, from which by chromatography on a column of silica gel nine individual alkaloids were isolated: corydine, dehydrocorydine, isocorytuberine, isoboldine, norisocorydine, N-methylcoclaurine, protropine, allocryptopine, and domesticine. All the alkaloids isolated were identified from their spectral characteristics and by direct comparison with authentic samples. The plants collected in the fruit-bearing stage contained 0.09% of alkaloids, from which, in addition to those obtained previously, isocorydine and glaufidine were isolated. The main alkaloids in both samples, regardless of the vegetation period of the plant, were corydine (46 and 36%), protopine (13 and 17%), and allocryptopine (14 and 12%). This is the first time that isocorydine, glaufidine, isocorytuberine, norisocorydine, N-methylcoclaurine, and dehydrocorydine have been isolated from G. oxylobum. A comparison of the results that we have obtained with information in the literature has shown that the qualitative alkaloid composition of the plant growing in Central Asia differs from the composition of those studied previously.