Continuing the separation of the combined alkaloids of Papaver orientale L., two new bases, orientinine (I) and dehydroisothebaine (II), were isolated from the phenolic fraction. Orientinine, an amorphous base with [α]_D +62° (c 0.18; methanol), showed UV absorption maxima at 275 nm and 315 nm (inflection) (characteristic of 1,2,9-trisubstituted aporphine alkaloids), mass spectrum ions at m/z 311 (M+), 310, 296, 294, 281, 280, 268, and 155.5 (M++), and PMR signals (in deuterochloroform) including three-proton singlets at 2.50 ppm (N-methyl), 3.76 and 3.82 ppm (two methoxy groups), a one-proton singlet at 6.53 ppm, a one-proton doublet at 8.36 ppm (J = 10 Hz), a multiplet at 6.70-6.95 ppm (two protons), and signals for methylene/methine protons at 2.6-3.7 ppm. Methylation with diazomethane gave O-methylorientinine identical to orientine. Dehydroisothebaine, optically inactive and green, had UV maxima at 267, 340, 391, and 438 nm, mass spectrum ions at m/z 309 (M+), 294, and 154.5 (M++), and PMR signals including a three-proton singlet at 3.00 ppm (N-methyl), a six-proton singlet at 3.92 ppm (two methoxy groups), one-proton singlets at 6.40 and 6.97 ppm, aromatic protons at 6.75-7.25 ppm (3 H), and a broadened singlet at 3.22 ppm (four protons). Adams hydrogenation gave a product identical to (±)-isothebaine. For Glaucium oxylobum Boiss. et Buhse (an endemic Central Asian plant), alkaloid composition was investigated in plants collected in the Kara-Kala region of the Turkmen SSR during different vegetation periods. Vegetation-stage plants yielded 0.27% alkaloids, from which nine alkaloids (corydine, dehydrocorydine, isocorytuberine, isoboldine, norisocorydine, N-methylcoclaurine, protropine, allocryptopine, domesticine) were isolated via silica gel column chromatography and identified by spectral characteristics and comparison with authentic samples. Fruit-bearing plants contained 0.09% alkaloids, yielding additional alkaloids isocorydine and glaufidine. The main alkaloids in both stages were corydine (46% and 36%), protopine (13% and 17%), and allocryptopine (14% and 12%). This is the first isolation of isocorydine, glaufidine, isocorytuberine, norisocorydine, N-methylcoclaurine, and dehydrocorydine from G. oxylobum, and its qualitative alkaloid composition differs from previously studied samples.