The chipped stem and bark of Bruguiera cylindrica (Rhizophoraceae) was extracted with chloroform (CHCl3), and the extract was chromatographed twice on a silica gel column with diisopropyl ether (i-Pr2O) to yield a yellow oil, which gave a single spot on thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Structure 1 (3-hydroxy-1,2-dithiolane phenylaminocarbonyl ester) was suggested by the infrared (IR) absorption band at 3320 cm-1 (hydroxyl group), ultraviolet (UV) maximum at 320 nm (1,2-dithiolane ring), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum indicative of a -CH2CH(OH)CH2- partial structure. The NMR spectrum showed an octet (two double doublets) as AB parts of ABX spectra for two methylenes at 3.06 ppm (JAX = 3.5 Hz) and 3.18 ppm (JBX = 2.2 Hz) with JAB = 11.5 Hz, a multiplet (HX) for a methine at 4.90 ppm, and a broad signal (disappearing with D2O) for a hydroxyl group at 2.41 ppm. Irradiation at the methine proton collapsed the ABX spectra to AB spectra and the doublet to a singlet, confirming the proton arrangement. Structure confirmation was achieved via combustion and mass spectrometry (MS) of the crystalline phenylaminocarbonyl ester (2, mp 129-130°C) and comparison with a synthetic specimen [1,2] using TLC, IR, and NMR. Three known dithiolanes—brugierol, isobrugierol, and brugine [3-5]—were also isolated. These compounds are structurally related to α-lipoic acid, asparagusic acid [6], and nereistoxine [7]. Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. (Stictaceae), a lichen growing on chestnut tree bark, was collected in September near Gallicano (Lucca, Italy). Previous studies reported arabitol [1], gyrophoric acid [2], stictinic acid [3], thelephoric acid [4], proteins [5], and transaminases [6] from this species. Dried material (1.3 kg) was extracted with light petroleum for 40 hours, and the residue (178 g) was processed via standard methods [7]. Constituents (percent of dried plant): aliphatic hydrocarbons (0.05%), ergosterol (0.08%; mp 158-160°C, [α]D = -132°; acetate mp 172-175°C, [α]D = -93.5%), fecosterol [8] (0.09%; mp 134-136°C, [α]D = +45.5%; acetate mp 137-139°C, [α]D = +35.2%, M+ = 440), and fatty acids (0.96%). Aliphatic hydrocarbons (GLC, %): C19 (7.5), C20 (1.3), C21 (21.5), C23 (9.7), C29 (32.6), C30 (7.9), C31 (19.5). Fatty acids (GLC of methyl esters, %): lauric (0.2), tridecanoic (0.6), myristic (1.1), tetradecenoic (0.5), pentadecanoic (0.6), pentadecenoic (1.5), palmitic (51.3), palmitoleic (0.3), heptadecanoic (0.5), heptadecenoic (0.2), stearic (3.2), oleic (20.4), linoleic (13.5), linolenic + arachidic (1.5), gadoleic (2.5), behenic (2.0). Bark of Fraxinus excelsior L. (Oleaceae), a known source of trioxygenated coumarins [1], yielded a new coumarin (fraxidin 8-O-β-D-glucoside) and 10-hydroxyligstroside (an iridoid glucoside). Known compounds isolated include fraxidin (3), isofraxidin (6), fraxinol (9), and the glucoside fraxin (2) [2,3].