Phytochemical research on the roots and rhizomes of Strobilanthes cusia (Acanthaceae) resulted in the isolation of 22 compounds. These include eleven alkaloids ( 1 - 11 ), five organic acids or aldehydes ( 12 - 15 , 18 ), two phenols ( 16 , 17 ), three phenylpropanoids ( 19 - 21 ), and one terpenoid ( 22 ). Notably, compounds 3 , 10 , 11 , 13 , 14 , 16 , 17 , and 19 - 21 were isolated from Acanthaceae plants for the first time, with compounds 3 and 10 - 22 being reported from Strobilanthes cusia for the first time. The study also discussed the chemotaxonomic significance of these discoveries.