Ziziphus jujuba Mill is the dried ripe fruit of the Rhamnaceae family; it is widely distributed in Shandong, Henan, Liaoning, and other places in China. In folk medicine, it was used to restore vital energy, as a blood tonic, and for the treatment of spleen deficiency. To date, a complete investigation of the compounds of Z. jujuba has rarely been performed. Therefore, a reliable strategy based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS, combined with trace data acquisition mode (parallel reaction monitoring scanning, PRM) and multiple data processing methods, is necessary for the characterization of compounds in the Z. jujuba. Ultimately, 295 compounds, including 69 flavonoids, 60 alkaloids, 82 phenylpropanoids, 52 organic acids, and 32 other components, were identified in the Z. jujuba; of these, 270 have been reported in Z. jujuba for the first time. This study provides deep insights into the chemistry of Z. jujuba and could be useful for further studies aimed at identifying the factors contributing to the health benefits attributed to this fruit. © 2022 The Authors. Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.