Fenugreek, which has the scientific name of Trigonella foenum-graceum L and has leaves consisting of three small obovate to oblong leaflets, is an annual herbaceous plant of the Fabaceae family. It is native to the eastern Mediterranean but is cultivated worldwide. This plant has medicinal alkaloids, steroid compounds, and sapogenins. Many uses have been mentioned for this plant in traditional medicine. The plant has been employed to ease childbirth and aid in digestion, and as a general tonic to improve metabolism. Trigonelline is considered the most important metabolite of fenugreek, which is effective in treating diabetes and decreasing blood cholesterol. Diaszhenin is an important compound in the seeds of this plant; it is used to produce medicinal steroids such as contraceptive pills. Many studies have been performed on the therapeutic effects and identification of chemical compounds of this plant. In this chapter, the most important biological effects and reported compounds of fenugreek seed are reviewed and its therapeutic applications are investigated. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.