Penispirolloid A (1), a novel alkaloid possessing a unique Spiro imidazolidinyl skeleton, was isolated from a halotolerant fungal strain. Penicillium sp. OUCMDZ-776. Its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods and quantum chemical CD calculation. Compound 1 showed significant antifouling activity toward Bugula neritina larvae with EC50 of 2.40 mu g/ml. Plausible biogenesis of compound 1 was also proposed. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.