2-(5-Alkylthien-3-yl)-(1),2-(4-alkylthien-2-yl)-(2), and 2-(5-alkylthien-2-yl)-2,5-dihydro-3H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]quinolines (3) were prepared in four steps starting from ethyl 4-chloroquinoline-3-carboxylate (4) and hydrazinothiophene-carboxylates 5, 8, and 9. All the assayed compounds possessed high affinities for benzodiazepine receptors (Ki = 0.3-2.6 nM). The activities of agonists and inverse agonists were assessed on the basis of inhibition or facilitation of pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsions, respectively. Introduction of alkyl groups of different sizes into the unsubstituted inverse agonistic compounds results in a corresponding shift in the activity from an inverse agonist to an antagonist to an agonist. The susceptibility of such a shift increases in the order of 1 less than 2 less than 3. This tendency may be explained by slight differences in the geometry of the alkyl substituents among the three series.