Serotonin 5-HT2 receptor agonists have recently been shown to be effective in lowering intraocular pressure in nonhuman primates and represent a potential new class of antiglaucoma agents. As part of an effort to identify new selective agonists at this receptor, we have found that (S)-(+)-1-(2-aminopropyl)-8,9-dihydropyrano[3,2-e]indole (AL-37350A, 11) has high affinity and selectivity (>1000-fold) for the 5-HT(2) receptor relative to other 5-HT receptors. More specifically, 11 is a potent agonist at the 5-HT2A receptor (EC50 = 28.6 nM, E(max) = 103%) that is comparable to serotonin. Evaluation of 11 in conscious ocular hypertensive cynomolgus monkeys showed this compound to be efficacious in reducing intraocular pressure (13.1 mmHg, -37%). Thus, 11 is a potent full agonist with selectivity for the 5-HT2 receptor and is anticipated to serve as a useful tool in exploring the role of the 5-HT2 receptor and its effector system in controlling intraocular pressure.