Early studies led to the identification of 3beta-(4-methoxyphenyl)tropane-2beta-carboxylic acid methyl ester (5) with high affinity at the DAT (IC(50)=6.5nM) and 5-HTT (K(i)=4.3nM), while having much less affinity at the NET (K(i)=1110nM). In the present study, we replaced the 4'-methoxy group of the 3beta-phenyl ring with a bioisosteric 4'-methylthio group to give 7a. We also synthesized a number of 3beta-(4-alkylthiophenyl)tropanes 7b-e, 3beta-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl) and 3beta-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)tropane analogues 7f-h as well as the 3beta-(4-alkylthiophenyl)nortropane derivatives 8-11 to further characterize the structure-activity relationship of this type of compound for binding at monoamine transporters. With exception of the 4'-methylsulfonyl analogue 7h, all the tested compounds possessed high binding affinities at the 5-HTT. The K(i) values ranged from 0.19nM to 49nM. The 3beta-(4-methylthiophenyl)tropane 7a and its N-(3-fluoropropyl) analogue 9a and N-allyl analogue 10a are the most selective compounds for the 5-HTT over the NET (NET/5-HTT=314-364) in the series. However, none of the compounds showed selectivity similar to 5 for both the DAT and 5-HTT relative to the NET. This study provided useful SAR information for rational design of potent and selective monoamine transporter inhibitors.