Virtual Screening Approach and Investigation of Structure–Activity Relationships To Discover Novel Bacterial Topoisomerase Inhibitors Targeting Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Pathogens

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
2019.0

Abstract

Bacterial resistance is increasing rapidly, requiring urgent identification of new antibacterial drugs that are effective against multidrug-resistant pathogens. Novel bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors (NBTIs) provide a new strategy for investigating the well-validated DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV targets while preventing cross-resistance issues. On this basis, starting from a virtual screening campaign and subsequent structure-based hit optimization guided by X-ray studies, a novel class of piperazine-like NBTIs with outstanding enzymatic activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV was identified. Notably, compounds <b>(±)-33</b>, <b>(±)-35</b>, and <b>(±)-36</b> with potent and balanced multitarget enzymatic profiles exhibited excellent efficacy against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, as well as clinically relevant resistant strains. Overall, the new NBTI chemotype described herein, owing to the broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and favorable in vitro safety profile, might serve as a basis for the development of novel treatments against serious infections.

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