Design, biological evaluation and X-ray crystallography of nanomolar multifunctional ligands targeting simultaneously acetylcholinesterase and glycogen synthase kinase-3

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
2019.0

Abstract

Both cholinesterases (AChE and BChE) and kinases, such as GSK-3α/β, are associated with the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. Two scaffolds, targeting AChE (tacrine) and GSK-3α/β (valmerin) simultaneously, were assembled, using copper(I)-catalysed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), to generate a new series of multifunctional ligands. A series of eight multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) was synthesized and evaluated in vitro and in cell cultures. Molecular docking studies, together with the crystal structures of three MTDL/TcAChE complexes, with three tacrine-valmerin hybrids allowed designing an appropriate linker containing a 1,2,3-triazole moiety whose incorporation preserved, and even increased, the original inhibitory potencies of the two selected pharmacophores toward the two targets. Most of the new derivatives exhibited nanomolar affinity for both targets, and the most potent compound of the series displayed inhibitory potencies of 9.5 nM for human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) and 7 nM for GSK-3α/β. These novel dual MTDLs may serve as suitable leads for further development, since, in the micromolar range, they exhibited low cytotoxicity on a panel of representative human cell lines including the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Moreover, these tacrine-valmerin hybrids displayed a good ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) without interacting with efflux pumps such as P-gp.

Knowledge Graph

Similar Paper

Design, biological evaluation and X-ray crystallography of nanomolar multifunctional ligands targeting simultaneously acetylcholinesterase and glycogen synthase kinase-3
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2019.0
Dual GSK-3β/AChE Inhibitors as a New Strategy for Multitargeting Anti-Alzheimer’s Disease Drug Discovery
ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters 2018.0
Rational design and biological evaluation of a new class of thiazolopyridyl tetrahydroacridines as cholinesterase and GSK-3 dual inhibitors for Alzheimer’s disease
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2020.0
Multi-Target-Directed Drug Design Strategy: From a Dual Binding Site Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor to a Trifunctional Compound against Alzheimer’s Disease
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2007.0
Novel multi-target-directed ligands for Alzheimer's disease: Combining cholinesterase inhibitors and 5-HT 6 receptor antagonists. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2016.0
Pyrano[3,2-c]quinoline−6-Chlorotacrine Hybrids as a Novel Family of Acetylcholinesterase- and β-Amyloid-Directed Anti-Alzheimer Compounds
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2009.0
Tacrine-resveratrol fused hybrids as multi-target-directed ligands against Alzheimer's disease
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2017.0
Discovery of potent glycogen synthase kinase 3/cholinesterase inhibitors with neuroprotection as potential therapeutic agent for Alzheimer’s disease
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 2021.0
Discovery of Novel Tacrine–Pyrimidone Hybrids as Potent Dual AChE/GSK-3 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2021.0
Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel tacrine-multialkoxybenzene hybrids as dual inhibitors for cholinesterases and amyloid beta aggregation
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 2011.0