Synthesis, molecular modeling and SAR study of novel pyrazolo[5,1- f ][1,6]naphthyridines as CB 2 receptor antagonists/inverse agonists

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
2016.0

Abstract

Pyrazolo[5,1-f][1,6]naphthyridine-carboxamide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for the affinity at CB<sub>1</sub> and CB<sub>2</sub> receptors. Based on the AgOTf and proline-cocatalyzed multicomponent methodology, the ethyl 5-(p-tolyl)pyrazolo[5,1-f][1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylate (12) and ethyl 5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pyrazolo[5,1-f][1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylate (13) intermediates were synthesized from the appropriate o-alkynylaldehydes, p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide and ethyl pyruvate. Most of the novel compounds feature a p-tolyl (8a-i) or a 2,4-dichlorophenyl (8j) motif at the C<sub>5</sub>-position of the tricyclic pyrazolo[5,1-f][1,6]naphthyridine scaffold. Structural variation on the carboxamide moiety at the C<sub>2</sub>-position includes basic monocyclic, terpenoid and adamantine-based amines. Among these derivatives, compound 8h (N-adamant-1-yl-5-(p-tolyl)pyrazolo[5,1-f][1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxamide) exhibited the highest CB<sub>2</sub> receptor affinity (K<sub>i</sub>=33nM) and a high degree of selectivity (K<sub>i</sub>CB<sub>1</sub>/K<sub>i</sub>CB<sub>2</sub>=173:1), whereas a similar trend in the near nM range was seen for the bornyl analogue (compound 8f, K<sub>i</sub>=53nM) and the myrtanyl derivative 8j (K<sub>i</sub>=67nM). Effects of 8h, 8f and 8j on forskolin-stimulated cAMP levels were determined, showing antagonist/inverse agonist properties for such compounds. Docking studies conducted for these derivatives and the reference antagonist/inverse agonist compound 4 (SR144528) disclosed the specific pattern of interactions probably related to the pyrazolo[5,1-f][1,6]naphthyridine scaffold as CB<sub>2</sub> inverse agonists.

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