On the basis of docking studies carried out using the recently published cannabinoid receptor models,35 new 1,8-naphthyridin-4(1H)-on-3-carboxamide and quinolin-4(1H)-on-3-carboxamide derivatives were designed, synthesized, and tested for their affinities toward the cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors. Compound 10, which presented p-fluorobenzyl and carboxycycloheptylamide substituents bound in the 1 and 3 positions of the 1,8-naphthyiridine-4-one nucleus, showed a high CB2 affinity with a Ki of 1.0 nM. The substitution of the naphthyridine-4-one nucleus with the quinoline-4-one system determined a general increase in CB2 affinity. In particular, the N-cyclohexyl-7-chloro-1-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)quinolin-4(1H)-on-3-carboxamide (40) possessed a remarkable affinity, with Ki of 3.3 nM, which was also accompanied by a high selectivity for the CB2 receptor (Ki(CB1)/Ki(CB2) ratio greater than 303). Moreover, the [35S]GTPgamma binding assay and functional studies on human basophils indicated that the 1,8-naphthyridin-4(1H)-on-3-carboxamide derivatives behaved as CB1 and CB2 receptor agonists.