Antimalarial Benzimidazole Derivatives Incorporating Phenolic Mannich Base Side Chains Inhibit Microtubule and Hemozoin Formation: Structure–Activity Relationship and In Vivo Oral Efficacy Studies

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
2021.0

Abstract

A novel series of antimalarial benzimidazole derivatives incorporating phenolic Mannich base side chains at the C2 position, which possess dual asexual blood and sexual stage activities, is presented. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that the 1-benzylbenzimidazole analogues possessed submicromolar asexual blood and sexual stage activities in contrast to the 1<i>H</i>-benzimidazole analogues, which were only active against asexual blood stage (ABS) parasites. Further, the former demonstrated microtubule inhibitory activity in ABS parasites but more significantly in stage II/III gametocytes. In addition to being bona fide inhibitors of hemozoin formation, the 1<i>H</i>-benzimidazole analogues also showed inhibitory effects on microtubules. <i>In vivo</i> efficacy studies in <i>Plasmodium berghei</i>-infected mice revealed that the frontrunner compound <b>41</b> exhibited high efficacy (98% reduction in parasitemia) when dosed orally at 4 × 50 mg/kg. Generally, the compounds were noncytotoxic to mammalian cells.

Knowledge Graph

Similar Paper

Antimalarial Benzimidazole Derivatives Incorporating Phenolic Mannich Base Side Chains Inhibit Microtubule and Hemozoin Formation: Structure–Activity Relationship and In Vivo Oral Efficacy Studies
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2021.0
Antimalarial Pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles: Lead Optimization, Parasite Life Cycle Stage Profile, Mechanistic Evaluation, Killing Kinetics, and in Vivo Oral Efficacy in a Mouse Model
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2017.0
Antimalarial benzoheterocyclic 4-aminoquinolines: Structure–activity relationship, in vivo evaluation, mechanistic and bioactivation studies
Bioorganic &amp; Medicinal Chemistry 2015.0
Incorporation of an intramolecular hydrogen bonding motif in the side chain of antimalarial benzimidazoles
MedChemComm 2019.0
Antimalarial Pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2011.0
Identification and SAR Evaluation of Hemozoin-Inhibiting Benzamides Active against Plasmodium falciparum
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2016.0
Synthesis and antimalarial activity of pyrazolo and pyrimido benzothiazine dioxide derivatives
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2009.0
Blood Schizontocidal and Gametocytocidal Activity of 3-Hydroxy-N′-arylidenepropanehydrazonamides: A New Class of Antiplasmodial Compounds
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2014.0
Structure–Activity Relationship Studies and Plasmodium Life Cycle Profiling Identifies Pan-Active N-Aryl-3-trifluoromethyl Pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles Which Are Efficacious in an in Vivo Mouse Model of Malaria
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2019.0
New 4-Aminoquinoline Mannich Base Antimalarials. 1. Effect of an Alkyl Substituent in the 5‘-Position of the 4‘-Hydroxyanilino Side Chain
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 1999.0