Discovery and Optimization of 5-Hydroxy-Diclofenac toward a New Class of Ligands with Nanomolar Affinity for the CaMKIIα Hub Domain

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
2022.0

Abstract

The Ca<sup>2+</sup>/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II α (CaMKIIα) is a brain-relevant kinase involved in long-term potentiation and synaptic plasticity. We have recently pinpointed the CaMKIIα hub domain as the long-sought-after high-affinity target of γ-hydroxybutyrate ligands substantiated with a high-resolution cocrystal of 5-hydroxydiclofenac (<b>3</b>). Herein, we employed <i>in silico</i> approaches to rationalize and guide the synthesis and pharmacological characterization of a new series of analogues circumventing chemical stability problems associated with <b>3</b>. The oxygen-bridged analogue <b>4d</b> showed mid-nanomolar affinity and notable ligand-induced stabilization effects toward the CaMKIIα hub oligomer. Importantly, <b>4d</b> displayed superior chemical and metabolic stability over <b>3</b> by showing excellent chemical stability in phosphate-buffered saline and high resistance to form reactive intermediates and subsequent sulfur conjugates. Altogether, our study highlights <b>4d</b> as a new CaMKIIα hub high-affinity ligand with enhanced pharmacokinetic properties, representing a powerful tool compound for allosteric regulation of kinase activity with subtype specificity.

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