Thiazolidinedione is an important heterocyclic ring system, a pharmacophore and a privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry; is a derivative of thiazolidine ring which came into existence for its role as antihyperglycemic agent and a specific ligand of PPAR's (Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor). Exhaustive research has led to determination of its vast biological profile with wide range of therapeutic applications. This review covers recent pharmacological advancements of thiazolidinedione moiety along with structure activity relationship so as to provide better correlation among different structures and their receptor interactions.