A novel anthracycline antibiotic, cinerubin R, was isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces eurythermus strain H1715MY2. The structure of cinerubin R was elucidated to be 4"-aculosyl-4'-rhodinosyl-7-rhodosaminyl-epsilon-py rromycinone. Cinerubin R was active against Gram-positive bacteria and inhibited the growth of divergent multi-drug-resistant cells to the same extent as their parental cells.