An extract of Xanthium spinosum gave a new xanthanolide in addition to many known ones. Its structure was established by spectral methods as well as by chemical modification. Five minor eudesmane constituents of Salvia pulaefolia were isolated from the same extract which had earlier yielded the two fully characterized eudesmanolides. The five new natural compounds were identified by spectral studies and comparison with known substances. Three new natural eudesmanolides (1-3) and two new eudesmane acid methyl esters (4 and 5) have been obtained as minor constituents from Salvia pulaefolia H.B.K., an Andean species used in Colombian folk medicine as an antihypertensive agent. The same species had earlier yielded the eudesmanolides 1β-acetoxy-4β-hydroxy-2-oxo-eudesman-3,7(11)-dien-8,12-olide (1a) and 1β,8β-dihydroxy-2-oxo-eudesman-3,7(11)-dien-8,12-olide (3a), both with known absolute configurations established by CID experiments [1]. The chemical analysis of this plant is part of a programme of intensive research into the medicinal flora of South America.