<jats:title>Significance</jats:title> <jats:p> The genus of <jats:italic>Aspergillus</jats:italic> holds fungi relevant to plant and human pathology, food biotechnology, enzyme production, model organisms, and a selection of extremophiles. Here we present six whole-genome sequences that represent unexplored branches of the <jats:italic>Aspergillus</jats:italic> genus. The comparison of these genomes with previous genomes, coupled with extensive chemical analysis, has allowed us to identify genes for toxins, antibiotics, and anticancer compounds, as well as show that <jats:italic>Aspergillus novofumigatus</jats:italic> is potentially as pathogenic as <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus</jats:italic> , and has an even more diverse set of secreted bioactive compounds. The findings are of interest to industrial biotechnology and basic research, as well as medical and clinical research.