Alkaloids ofAconitum nasutum

Chemistry of Natural Compounds
1993.0

Abstract

Aconitum nasutum Fisch. et Reichend grows in all regions of the Caucasus, is known as a decorative plant exhibiting insecticidal, fungistatic, and repellent actions. Previous studies showed its hypogeal and epigeal organs contain aconisine, with alkaloid contents ranging from 0.06 to 2.6% depending on plant organ and vegetation period, and six lycoctonine alkaloids (talatisamine, isotalatisidine, karakoline, aconosine, cammaconine, columbianine) were isolated from the epigeal part growing in Georgia. This study investigated roots of A. nasutum from two growth sites: the gorge of the R. Daut (Karachaev-Cherkess Autonomous Republic of Russia) and the Lagonaki area (Maikop region), with alkaloid contents 0.87% and 1.2% (dry raw material weight) respectively. Two alkaloids C24H37NO5 (I) and C22H35NO4 (II) were isolated from base mixtures by alumina chromatography. I was amorphous, its IR, PMR, and mass spectra indicated it was 14-acetylaconosine (dolaconine), saponification yielded an amino alcohol identical to II, which was confirmed as aconosine (consistent with that from Aconitum arcuatum). From the epigeal part gathered in the gorge of the R. Daut before flowering, 0.21% base mixture was obtained, 3.4 g aconosine was isolated by hot hexane treatment, chromatography of residual mother liquor on alumina gave base III (mp 201-202°C, acetone, composition C34H47NO11) identified as aconitine, along with acetylaconosine and aconosine. This is the first time aconitine and acetylaconosine have been isolated from A. nasutum.

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