The seeds of Broussonetia papyrifera (Moraceae) are known as a traditional Chinese medicine with tonic effects for the treatment of age-related disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Previous reports indicated that its crude extract could improve learning and memory ability of mice, which promoted us to conduct a chemical investigation. From the n-BuOH extract of B. papyrifera seeds, a novel chushizilactam A (1) and adenosine (2) were isolated. Compound 1 was identified as 5-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-3-vinyl-1H-pyrrol-2(5H)-one. The cAMP regulatory activity of compounds 1 and 2 was assessed by the AlphaScreen assay against N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells. The results showed that adenosine could significantly increase cAMP at a concentration of 50 μM, while compound 1 was inactive.