Twenty-four compounds were isolated from the leaves of Picrasma quassioides for the first time, including four tocopherols (1-4), one butenolide (5), four sesquiterpenoids (6–9), three lignans (10–12), four coumarins (13–16), one alkaloid (17), three ionones (18–20), a diterpenoid (21), one C29-sterone (22), xanthone (23) and a dihydroisocoumarin (24). The structures of these compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods and comparison with literature data. Among them, eighteen compounds (1–5, 7–13, 15, 20–24) were isolated from Simaroubaceae for the first time. A compounds-families network was constructed and the chemophenetics significance of these compounds was discussed. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd