Two new alkaloids, dysideanins A (1) and B (2), along with two known diketopiperazines, cyclo-(Pro-Leu) (3) and cyclo-(Pro-IIe) (4), were isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea sp. The structures were established from NMR and MS analysis. Dysideanin B (2) exhibited antibacterial activity. The thiomethylated imidazolinium unit as found in dysideanin A is very rarely encountered in nature. The Journal of Antibiotics (2010) 63, 699-701; doi:10.1038/ja.2010.134; published online 10 November 2010