Tackling multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by natural products and their analogues acting as NorA efflux pump inhibitors

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
2023.0

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a pathogen responsible for various community and hospital-acquired infections with life-threatening complications like bacteraemia, endocarditis, meningitis, liver abscess, and spinal cord epidural abscess. Antibiotics have been used to treat microbial infections since the introduction of penicillin in 1940. In recent decades, the abuse and misuse of antibiotics in humans, animals, plants, and fungi, including the treatment of non-microbial diseases, have led to the rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens with increased virulence. Bacteria have developed several complementary mechanisms to avoid the effects of antibiotics. These mechanisms include chemical transformations and enzymatic inactivation of antibiotics, modification of antibiotics' target site, and reduction of intracellular antibiotics concentration by changes in membrane permeability or by the overexpression of efflux pumps (EPs). The strategy to check antibiotic resistance includes synthesis of the antibiotic analogues, or antibiotics are given in combination with the adjuvant. The inhibitors of multidrug EPs are considered promising alternative therapeutic options with the potential to revive the effects of antibiotics and reduce bacterial virulence. Natural products played a vital role in drug discovery and significantly contributed to the area of infectious diseases. Also, natural products provide lead compounds that sometimes need modification based on structural and biological properties to meet the drug criteria. This review discusses natural products and their derived compounds as NorA efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs).

Knowledge Graph

Similar Paper

Tackling multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by natural products and their analogues acting as NorA efflux pump inhibitors
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 2023.0
Pharmacophore-Based Repositioning of Approved Drugs as Novel Staphylococcus aureus NorA Efflux Pump Inhibitors
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2017.0
From Phenothiazine to 3-Phenyl-1,4-benzothiazine Derivatives as Inhibitors of theStaphylococcus aureusNorA Multidrug Efflux Pump
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2008.0
2-Phenylquinoline S. aureus NorA Efflux Pump Inhibitors: Evaluation of the Importance of Methoxy Group Introduction
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2018.0
Evolution from a Natural Flavones Nucleus to Obtain 2-(4-Propoxyphenyl)quinoline Derivatives As Potent Inhibitors of the S. aureus NorA Efflux Pump
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2011.0
Re-evolution of the 2-Phenylquinolines: Ligand-Based Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of a Potent New Class of Staphylococcus aureus NorA Efflux Pump Inhibitors to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2013.0
Pyrazolo[4,3-c][1,2]benzothiazines 5,5-Dioxide: A Promising New Class of Staphylococcus aureus NorA Efflux Pump Inhibitors
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2012.0
Boronic species as promising inhibitors of the Staphylococcus aureus NorA efflux pump: Study of 6-substituted pyridine-3-boronic acid derivatives
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2015.0
Potentiating the intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus by dihydroquinazoline analogues as NorA efflux pump inhibitor
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 2022.0
Piperine analogs as potent Staphylococcus aureus NorA efflux pump inhibitors
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 2008.0