The foliage of the six mainland Australian members of the recently reinstated genus Asteromyrtus has yielded essential oils which qualitatively contain the same mixtures of mono- and sesquiterpenes. Quantitatively, however, the oils differ from each other and could be used to differentiate the species. Asterornyrtus angustifolia contains an oil whose principal components are 0¢-pinene (10%), 1,8-cineole (31%) and l~-caryophyllene (23%). The oil of A. arnhemica contains ac-pinene (92%) as its principal component. Asteromyrtus brassii yields an oil whose principal components are (x-pinene (6%), 1,8-cineole (24%), 3'-terpinene (21%). The principal components of the oil from A, lysicephala are =-pinene (11.2%), 1,8-cineole (49%) and ¢-terpinyl acetate (4%), while for that of A. magnifica they are c~-pinene (14%), ~-pinene (20%) and 1,8-cineole (36%). The oil from A. symphyocarpa is rich in 0~-pinene (16%) and 1,8-cineole (40%). Principal coordinate and single linkage cluster analyses were used to determine the infrageneric relationships based upon the essential oil data. The analyses do not provide support for a classification of the species based upon morphological-reproductive features.