Alkaloids ofBerberis crataegina

Chemistry of Natural Compounds
1996.0

Abstract

We have studied the plant gathered in Turkey in the environs of Eskişehir in the mountains of Bordag at a height of 760 m above sea level on May 28, 1994. The ground bark of the roots was extracted with ethanol, the solvent was evaporated off, and the residue was treated with 2 % HCl, which led to the separation of berberine chloride. The acid aqueous solution was washed with ethyl acetate and alkalinized, and a mixture of bases was extracted with ether and with chloroform. Quaternary bases were precipitated from the alkaline aqueous solution with Mayer's reagent, and they were purified by passage through a column of Amberlite, and separated on a column of SiO₂ with elution by chloroform--methanol mixtures of increasing polarity. This led to the successive isolation of the iodides of palmatine and jatrorrhizine and the chlorides of berberine, columbamine, and magnoflorine. The mixture of tertiary bases was separated on a column of Al₂O₃ with elution by C₆H₆--CHCl₃ (1:1), CHCl₃, and CHCl₃--MeOH. After rechromatography of the enriched fractions, we obtained isotetrandrine and aromoline. A mixture of oxyacanthine and berbamine was separated by the sulfate--nitrate method, and the salts obtained were converted into the bases and rechromatographed on Al₂O₃ columns. Oxyacanthine and berbamine were isolated. All the compounds isolated were identified from their spectral characteristics and by comparison with authentic specimens (melting points, TLC, PMR spectra). Thus, nine alkaloids have been isolated from the roots of B. crataegina and identified, five of them for the first time from this plant.

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